Kailua Arts: 2013-2014 A&C, P&D, S&C
VocabularyTest: 10/15/2013
Mr. Morton
Elements & Principles of Design Study Guide
Elements of Design Definitions
1. Line: is the path traced by a moving point. Examples – vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved, angular, zigzag, bent, straight, interrupted, thick, thin, parallel, crosshatched, spiral.
2. Value: differences in a hue or neutral ranging from the lightest to the darkest. (eg. The gradient of white to black)
3. Shape: 2-D the area enclosed by an outline.
4. Form: 3-D shape including height, width, and depth.
5. Space: organizes elements in a composition
6. Color: based on pigments, light and wavelength of light waves.
a. Hue – pure color
b. Primary colors – red, blue, yellow
c. Secondary colors – violet, orange, green
d. Complementary colors – opposites on color wheel
e. Cool colors – violet, green, blue
f. Warm colors – red, yellow, orange
g. Monochromatic – variations of one hue
h. Shade – hue plus black
7. Texture: surface qualities, tactile – those that can be felt, visual – painted or drawn textures such as slick, smooth, rough, velvety, satiny, bumpy.
Principles of Art
1. Unity: is the harmony of all the visual elements in a composition. Oneness.
a. Proportion: relationship of all parts to each other and to the whole design
b. Variety: difference in scale, surface, line, value & shape that give interest to a composition
2. Emphasis: the center of interest. Example the largest, brightest or lightest subject.
3. Dominance: the focal point within the center of interest that catches the eye.
4. Variation: changing elements. Example – repeating a similar shape but changing the size can give a variety and unity at the same time. Changing the color of a similar shape can create variety too.
5. Repetition: the use of line, color, or a motif in more than one place in a composition.
a. Pattern: repetitious use of the same element to create an overall design
b. Rhythm: the repeated use of similar elements for smooth transitions
6. Harmony: the composition is held together with similar elements. eg. wavy lines work with organic shapes to create harmony. The emotional response to the composition.
7. Scale: the elements defined by other elements where size relevance is considered to surroundings, background, or to the human form. Unusual or unexpected scale can create attention.
8. Balance: the equilibrium of various elements in the work of art.
a.Symmetry: equal balance on each side of an imaginary line or radial (equal in all directions)
b.Asymmetry: balance achieved w/unequal distribution of visual elements on an imaginary line
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